Financial Analysis of Cadbury Schweppes Essay

The capital structure of Cadbury Schweppes based on its 2006 balance sheet shows that the company uses more debt than equity to finance its operations. The company’s debt to total stockholders equity ratio of the company is more than fifty percent, while its debt to equity ratio is at 1. 30. A high debt to equity ratio means that the company relies heavily in debt financing. A high debt to equity ratio does not necessarily mean that the company has poor financial leverage because there are industries that are capital intensive which requires companies to incur large amounts of debt to finance its operations. One such industry is the automobile industry, where a debt to equity ratio of two is still considered acceptable. In the case of Cadbury Schweppes, the company is engaged in manufacturing candy, chocolate and drinks. It is an industry which is not as capital intensive as the car manufacturing industry so its debt to equity ratio maybe too high. The company has been undergoing changes in its operations over the years. It has gradually moved out of its investments that do not fall within its core business which is confectionery and beverage. While it disposed of some of its incompatible businesses, it continued to expand its confectionery and beverage operations. These acquisitions, particularly those made in the United States can be the reason for its large debt. Debt is used by the company to increase its operations and, as a consequence, increase its profits. The company’s performance has been increasingly growing every year, so it is possible that the company has determined that the cost of expending the operations which is in the form of interest payments is much lower than the benefits incurred in the form of increase in sales. Having a large amount of is extremely detrimental to the company if it is unable to recoup the cost of the debt; this is not the case of Cadbury Schweppes. The dividend yield ratio measures the amount of income received by each share of stock with the cost of such share. The dividend yield ratio necessarily varies over time because the market value of share changes as it is traded. A comparison of dividend yield ratio over time can be used to gauge if the performance of the company is improving, but this ratio should not be analyzed on its own. It must be analyzed together with other factors such as the market value of the share. A company with a low dividend yield can mean that the company’s share is priced highly by the market and does not necessarily mean that the company is unable to make dividend payments. On the other hand, high dividend yield can mean that the company’s share has a very low market value and not because it is able to give its shareholders large amounts of dividends. The company has a dividend yield of 2. 30% and it share has a market value ranging from 51. 5 to 51. 6. Based on this figures, it is apparent that its dividend yield is not because of the extremely high or low market value of its share. The price/earnings ratio of the company, on the other hand, is seen by investors as a gauge of how much the market values the company’s share. In this company’s case, it has a price earning of 24. 22. This number is very close to the industry’s average. This means that the company is competitive with other members of the industry and is generally viewed by the investing community as a good investment. Based on its dividend yield and price/earnings ratio, the company is able to compensate stockholders despite its large debts. This is probably because the earnings of the company is divided by a smaller number of shares than if the company chose to finance its operation by equity rather than debt. The large shareholders of the company are Franklin Resources, Inc. and Legal and General with shares ownership amounting to 4. 01% and 3. 47%.

Poem Comparison Essay

All four poems that I read are related in their purposes and goals; however, they are also very different. â€Å"Lucinda Matlock† by Edward Lee Masters, â€Å"Chicago† by Carl Sandburg, â€Å"Richard Cory† by Edwin Arlington Robinson, and â€Å"We Wear the Mask† by Paul Laurence Dunbar are all about the joys and sorrows of life. How we look at life makes life good or bad. â€Å"Lucinda Matlock† is a story of a woman, who, by some standards, would have a life that we consider a mediocre. However, the narrator of the poem says that it was a good life and that life can only be truly appreciated if it is taken from you. â€Å"Chicago† by Carl Sandburg is the most closely related poems to â€Å"Lucinda Matlock†. In the poem, the people of this city are dirty, â€Å"evil†, and happy. The people are not saying to themselves, â€Å"Well, my life is horrible because this is where I live and this is my underpaying job†. They are laughing and joyous because they have life. â€Å"Chicago† is unlike â€Å"Lucinda Matlock† because Carl Sandburg’s depiction of life in Chicago is so much more cynical than that of Master’s more optimistic characterization and depiction of life in the world. â€Å"Richard Cory† is a poem about an aristocratic man that under- appreciates life, and, as a result commits suicide. The narrator talks about how envious he/she is of Richard Cory. Only in the very end do they mention the fact that he is actually a very sad man. This poem is a representation of the front that some people put up to hide their inner selves due to embarrassment or many other feeling of despair. Finally, we read â€Å"We Wear the Mask† by Paul Laurence Dunbar. This is very similar to â€Å"Richard Cory† in its message. The message is again that there are some who sometimes cloister their inner selves behind a barrier of a fake personality. In the poem, Dunbar writes: â€Å"Nay, let them only see us while/ We wear the mask/ We smile, but oh great  Christ, our cries/ To Thee from tortured souls arise.† The second part of the quotation says that they have tortured souls. They smile to hide their pain and they cry to Christ for help. All of the poems share the common theme that â€Å"life is what you make it† and that people often hide their true identity behind a false one (As shown in â€Å"Richard Cory†, â€Å"We Wear the Mask†, and â€Å"Chicago†). Though the final two poems mentioned have more in common with each other than they do with the first couple poems that were talked about in class, all of the poems are similar in their ultimate subject matter.

Applied Nostalgia Essay Research Paper Applied Nostalgia

Applied Nostalgia Essay, Research Paper Applied Nostalgia # 8211 ; A Parental Look Back Without past memories, Americans lack a criterion to establish present conditions upon. These memories lie carefully shuffled and categorized in the elephantine shifter called the encephalon to crudely come close the present criterion of life. They hope to pull satisfaction and fulfilment in the patterned advance of the quality of their and particularly their kids # 8217 ; s lives. This innate desire to compare the yesteryear to the present thrusts personal and political determinations, particularly conservativists who advocate a alteration to the policies and values of the yesteryear. Today, the bleached memories of an emerging group of parents of their post-World War II upbringing, like cherished household dinners around the kitchen oak tabular array and careless jaunts into town, against a sensed modern background haze of random force, day of the month colza, and individual parent families, turned a group of parent # 8217 ; s Black Marias and heads to the water under the bridge 1950s. They hope to resuscitate their cherished childhood memories. The Medveds, parental writers, recall their upbringing: # 8220 ; The adult females enjoyed being place for the childs # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; equals came over for hoops and homemade lemonade # 8221 ; ( Paul 64 ) . Shalit, writer of Tax return to Modesty: A Lost Virtue remembers when past adult females helped around the community and raised their kids with a alone dedication ( Paul 64 ) . In the aftermath of the Colorado school slaughter such a move seems justified. Yet, even in malice of many societal ailments of our # 8220 ; dependent, sex-obsessed, morally slack and spiritually ruin society # 8221 ; ( Paul 64 ) parents remain disbelieving. of such a drastic reversal in a drastically changed clip. For now, the incredulity over the reversal to the past virtues further scrutiny before any drastic action. The parents recommending a alteration to the past promote a black nowadays and hereafter with jobs runing across the societal, political, and economic spectrum, afraid that their concerns might mirror in their childs. Adult fairy narratives that # 8220 ; matrimony will last everlastingly, sex produces merely pleasance, trueness to an establishment will be returned, and elected leaders are benevolent and wise # 8221 ; ( Paul 63 ) are to intolerable to be placed on the weak shoulders of their kids. Therefore, they shield this information from the kids. Armed with reams of statistics, particularly in the bead the figure of atomic household places in the United States ( Two 1 ) , they present a just instance for the reversal to the rearing manner of the aging babe boomer population. An uncomplete list of their claimed ailments includes individual parent families, an excessively demanding work environment, inflow of unwanted media, and the feminist motion. Fatherlessness, as David Blackhord president of Institute for American values points out, is the most harmful demographic tendency of our coevals # 8230 ; and the taking cause of worsening child wellbeing in our society. It is besides the engine driving our most pressing societal jobs, from offense, to adolescent gestation, to sexual maltreatment, to domestic force against adult females. The grounds is now strong that the absence of male parents from the lives of kids is one of the most of import causes [ of the above jobs ] ( UCSF 1 ) In one augmenting survey performed by the University of California at San Francisco on California # 8217 ; s household make-up reported that 20 per centum of kids under age 18s are presently raised by a individual grownup. Accusative fingers of these nostalgic parents turn like an vindictive hinged gate from household construction to the work environment, mentioning statistics on the economic troubles that modern employers cause, or on personal compulsions with work that deters from the boundlessly more of import occupation at place. # 8220 ; With parents trapped in devouring occupations, they leave their childs to fend for themselves # 8221 ; ( West 2 ) . The type of work and work environment changed in the last few decennaries with the coming of new engineerings and force per unit area on employers to cut costs. Harmonizing to the parents and research workers who advocate a reversal to the yesteryear, the modern work environment is besieged with jobs. Decreases in existent rewards, corporate retrenchment and the surcease of the # 8216 ; company adult male # 8217 ; ethos that governed American labour dealingss during the 1950s and 1960s has made it impossible for parents to give necessary clip to their kids because they have to work harder than every merely to do terminals run into ( West 1 ) . The ends of fiscal success have placed the ends of raising a child to the dorsum burner. These impersonal parents scrape up the few excess dollars to purchase the Black Marias of their kids ( McCallum 2 ) . # 8220 ; In our mercenary society, parents are more concerned about the physical things they provide their kids that about the values and wonts that prepare kids for a life on their ain # 8221 ; ( McCallum 2 ) . The 1890ss have been defined as the information age and truly so. Any person who accesses today # 8217 ; s broad assortment of electronic medium # 8211 ; computing machine, Internet, telecasting, wireless, compact discs, CD-ROMs, and interrelated libraries # 8211 ; finds ample information on any topic, irrespective of content. The nostalgic argue that when these childs contact this immense bombardment of # 8216 ; obnoxious # 8217 ; stuff without counsel from parents, the material Acts of the Apostless as a alternate female parent, reding the kids with unwanted picks. Such picks include rash force. Television permeates every countrywide family, and its wavering visible radiation is the de facto baby-sitter for overworked and underpaid parents, who frequently have to back up the household without the partner nowadays. Their version of a modern parent falls victim to the media # 8217 ; s concealed messages. The media portrays pas in defaulter ways that do non reflect on existent parents. In films like the Shining, the male parent was an opprobrious alky and blame music epitomizes hapless illustrations of defaulter pas and their cleft addicted individual female parents. As a consequence female parents are more probably to ditch their fellow of hubby for individual parentage convinced they will raise the kid in a better environment without the male parent. In decision, # 8220 ; what you have is an full-scale war on parents, the consequence of which is finally the diminution of civic virtuousness and the overall public assistance of the state # 8221 ; ( Schaffer 2 ) . Taging along with the nostalgia motion is a new adult females # 8217 ; s motion that tries to change by reversal the effects of the first ( Paul 64 ) . Shalit, in her book Returning to Modesty: Detecting the Lost Virtue, points out that the societal patterned advances has left adult females is poorer status than before the motion started ( Paul 64 ) . Our female parents tell us we shouldn # 8217 ; t want to give up all the hard-won # 8216 ; additions # 8217 ; they nave bequeathed us, and we think: what additions? Sexual torment, day of the month colza, slaking, eating upsets, all those drab hook-ups? Or possibly it # 8217 ; s the great addition of divorce you had in head. ( Paul 64 ) The branchings, at least to these supervising parents, of life in the current structured rearing environment of the United States is huge and include an addition in the rate of offense, teenage gestations, drugs, colza, divorce, hapless relationships, and maltreatment. Those with a # 8220 ; proper # 8221 ; upbringing, a hopelessly indefinable and impossibly Utopian word, commit less violent Acts of the Apostless. The pivoting branching, and a cardinal pivot for both this paper and the emerging nostalgia motion is the possible loss of # 8220 ; artlessness # 8221 ; . Artlessness to advocates peers the deficiency of harming kids ( oppositions deny the happening ) by cutting kids # 8217 ; s exposure to all grownup stuff. The word grownup is non used in the traditional pornographic sense, but as a general class specifying all information that the mean kid should non know. This includes such subjects as sex, matrimony, work, and force. Now, as information quickly increases, the haste to protect childs from this entrance blow additions. Today artlessness, the stray and lit room in a sign of the zodiac of desperation, could be defined as an flight from the informational age. Open the door, and the visible radiation ( artlessness ) escapes, everlastingly departed. Knowledge is powerful material ; that # 8217 ; s why we keep it off from little kids. And its shy we must maintain some of it for ourselves. In careless of unscrupulous custodies, cognition is unsafe and the inexperienced person are powerless to oppose it ( Paul 65 ) . A few grownups are even going sick of the sum of information: # 8220 ; Our clip # 8217 ; s tree of cognition is so heavy with apples that we # 8217 ; ve adult sick of savoring them # 8221 ; ( Paul 65 ) . The Medveds, writers of Salvaging Childhood: Protecting Our Child From the Natural Assault on Innocence, say # 8220 ; the secrets of maturity are rough, morbid, oppressive, and seamy, # 8221 ; conveying nil but # 8220 ; duties, problems, loads and the potency for depression and somberness # 8221 ; ( Paul 64 ) and Shalit says the loss of artlessness causes most immature adult females # 8217 ; s jobs including eating upsets and disappointing relationships. Jeffery Schwartz sums up the statement: artlessness is # 8220 ; the highest of human achievements # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; the specifying grade of those who have achieved echt triumph in confronting life # 8217 ; s countless challenges # 8221 ; ( Paul 64 ) . Many of the implicit in jobs remain changeless throughout the decennary, including guaranting that the household had a sensible criterion of life, taking attention of their kids # 8217 ; s growing and development, and keeping their committedness to the partners they swore to stay with until after decease, ( West 1 ) yet the mean American household today can non run into these new load. The consequence? Just pick a job and fill in the space. An sum of these aforementioned jobs may be rightly deserved, but without a comparing to the past so the present conditions can non be analyzed. Each decennary is shaped by a series of events that frequently dictate the result of the ensuing socioeconomic conditions. An probe begins with an speculative expression into the events taking up the fiftiess. The 1950s were an sole merchandise of the great depression and World War II. The great depression hit America like an oppressive summer heat moving ridge, a changeless baleful presence of uncomfortableness which is utterly ineluctable. Unemployment rose quickly as occupation net incomes decreased quickly, thrusting households into terrible economic adversity, unquotable in America # 8217 ; s history. So, as with any unnatural circumstance, worlds compensated. Peoples became overzealous fiscal rescuers. Every cent was spend on the bare necessities of life. Merely a few had the money to pass on otiose points ( Raasch ) . World War II brought Americans out of the great depression. From the dust-covered soil bowl to the harrying meat bombers euphemistically called the frontlines, trudged a line of immature soldiers dripping with thoughts and bravery, both of which would be viciously tested. At place adult females entered the work force to back up their boies and hubbies across seas. With postings like # 8220 ; Rosie the Riviter # 8221 ; spurring on the hardworking advocates at place, adult females diligently assembled much of the machinery that finally made its manner over to Europe ( Raasch ) . These adult females began to roll up money, but were unable and unwilling to pass it, due to war deficits and preservation of popular goods and the ideals necessarily left over from the Great Depression. Alternatively, households across the United States began to roll up nest eggs ( Raasch ) . World War Two revitalized the American economic system. Removed geographically from the snake pit overseas and the old ages of painful rehabilitation of the landscapes, political systems, and economic systems, the war scarred United States plunged lustfully into work. Factories proliferated like fruit flies across the state, and citizens trailed the growing, forcing America into the most powerful economic force in the universe ( Raasch ) . Fiscal security allowed adult females for the first clip in several decennaries to remain place and raise the household planned during the adversity. Womans could and did remain place with childs during that decennary # 8211 ; the resources existed for this. Women besides found that with the return of the work forces, most occupations were replaced by work forces. Womans did non yet have the societal backup to go on in the typical male dominated occupations ( Raasch ) . So far, an about post card perfect image. However, the 1950s, despite this frontage of cloud nine, hid immense vesiculation jobs that overcome the 1990s troubles and for good cloud over the coevals. Adolescents formed immense packs. A scenario plays our beautifully in the Movie Matinee as a pack terrorizes the town, over a background of missiles pointed at the Untied States from Cuba. The film is upseting because this film is a diversion of an existent event ( Matinee ) . Following World War II, Americans fell into the cold war. The cold war lacked the unfastened combat and bloodshed ; alternatively the cold war stirred a changeless background emphasis. Nuclear arms proliferated exponentially in Russia and the United States, and the respective leaders wove them around trusting the other state would endorse down. Alternatively both the United States and Russia pulled new engineering from their pocketbooks and coercing the other to reciprocate ( Raasch ) . As the engineering race continued, Americans geared for the wake and tried non to think of the inevitable, arrant, and complete obliteration of both the United States and the USSR. Families spent weekends constructing a bomb shelter. Schools sporadically held pattern drills where childs slipped under their desks, doubtless all inquiring how the thin sheet of plyboard over their caputs would salvage them from the devastation of the atomic bomb, a bomb that in Japan reduced great buildings to crumbles and threw the lasting shadows of ashen-reduced people onto walls ( Raasch ) . Meanwhile in the South a civil rights conflict loomed as inkinesss, tired of the apartheid imposed by the Ku Klux Klan ( KKK ) and mean white citizens struggled to derive equal rights, a warrant under the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments to the fundamental law. Most minorities struggled with subjugation in a white male dominated society, an frequently unmarked status in the desire to exchange back to the fiftiess ( Raasch ) . Advancement to 1999, the last twelvemonth before the nothing axial rotation about on the Christian calendar # 8217 ; s mileometer. Crime still besieges society, albeit of a different type, and the atomic household prevalence decreased. In the past decennary Americans endured terrorist onslaughts and infinite school shots. I one opens the newspaper, the calamities spill Forth. However, in visible radiation of the jobs of the 1950s the charge sparks, an apocalypse non. The 1950s and the 1990s are utterly and wholly d ifferent. The 1950s was a post-war clip, where absolutely unreproducible affects kept ma at place. The 1990s is a engineering loaded information society, where media pries into corners and brings jobs into greater visible radiation including force, colza, birth control, and AIDS. The sum of atomic households decreased ( Two 1 ) , yet the cause for the dissolve of the household outweighs the troubles, the equalisation of adult females in the work force. No thirster do female parents trust on the male # 8217 ; s income, they can last on their ain. Their ties of aid flutter free and the American adult females becomes free since the American ideals put forth in the fundamental law. These new freedoms allow adult females to interrupt free of restricting and bad matrimonies and venture into traditionally male functions. Crime evidently is a challenge to modern politicians. The job states itself clearly from the bold type decorating the front lines of newspapers countrywide. Our troubles are now. Yet when reexamining the yesteryear, the media is non invariably reminding us of it. The repeat of stuff does lodge in our caput, like the unerasable dad vocal trailing about in our caputs. The force and maltreatment still existed, nevertheless in the 1950s mass media had non expanded to its current size. Modern statistics of colza, kid maltreatment and other domestic jobs are higher in portion because of the deficiency of instruction on these social ailments. Today more instances are reported to governments, thanks to instruction from this # 8220 ; evil # 8221 ; media. Yes, these atrocious jobs were present, merely hidden from the memories of modern naysayers. Demographics reveal that Americans grow up in progressively diverse households. For a tendency probably to go on in the hereafter, and that harmonizing to some is a # 8220 ; irreversible historical fact the household diverseness is here to remain, # 8221 ; ( Schaffer 3 ) such onslaughts hurt diverse households and the kids whose kids face small sick consequence from the modern-day upbringing. Many sociologists argue that # 8220 ; Family values runs put individual parent households unjustly second-rate or best # 8221 ; ( Schaffer 1 ) . Using the same method for which they are so vehemently opposed ( aggregate media ) , many conservative organisations campaign on behalf of the supposed high quality of married-couple atomic households, flourishing all other sorts of households mediocre # 8211 ; or worse ( Schaffer 1 ) Quality is much more of import than gender construction, non whether a house contains a adult male, adult females, girl, boy, three Carassius auratus, and a aureate lab named Max. # 8220 ; However good intended and appealing, most of the claims made by household values reformers are blatantly faithlessly every bit good as destructive # 8221 ; ( Schaffer 1 ) . A high struggle matrimony is more detrimental to a kid than a divorce, yet these groups urge parents to remain together at all costs. Consequences come from a Kaiser Permanete survey show that 68 per centum of # 8220 ; youth extremely exposed to safety menaces lived in two parent places # 8221 ; ( Shaffer 2 ) . If the young person was to be separated from such jobs, so they have a better opportunity for success. This assault endangers childs by advancing parental struggle, devastation, and fraud ( Schaffer 2 ) . If the accusals were merited in difficult informations, so their rhetoric deserves much attending. However, right now, small grounds points either manner. The information they base their campaigns on is inconclusive, as this sociologist said. As a sociologist, I can certify there is perfectly no consensus among societal scientists on household values, on the high quality of the heterosexual atomic household, or on the supposed evil effects of fatherlessness. The claim that integral two-parent households are inherently superior remainders entirely on the abuse of statistics and on the most simple societal scientific discipline wickednesss # 8211 ; portraying correlativities as though there were causes, disregarding mediating factors, and treated little, overlapping differences as gross and absolute ( Schaffer 2,3 ) A losing male parent is non the apocalypse some suggest. In a Kaiser survey, 44 per centum of troubled teens talk to their female parent ; 26 per centum to monsters ; and merely 10 per centum talk to their male parents. A losing individual, while still perchance impacting the kid, has non the raved impact ( Schaffer 1 ) . # 8220 ; Poverty and unemployment can more faithfully predict who will get married, divorce, or commit or endure domestic or societal force than can the best toned step of values yet devised # 8221 ; ( Schaffer 3 ) . Harping on the high quality of married biological parents and the immoralities of fatherlessness injures kids and parents in a broad array of modern-day households, including those with homosexual or sapphic parents # 8221 ; ( Schaffer 3 ) . These parents desiring to travel back to the 1950s clasp these few treasures of the 1950s coal pile in their custodies and wish life could be like the epitomized dreams the memories have become. Absent from these treasures is the pecking idea of the absence of minority and black rights, the changeless fright of decease, the inability of adult females to secure a occupation in male dominated occupations, and the old hurting of World War II and the great depression. Obviously the work environment changed. More adult females are in the work force, both for the enjoyment of work and to back up their childs. Their types of occupations have changed as the old barriers that kept them from modern-day male dominated occupations have been outlawed. Companies, due to increasing outside and inside force per unit area, have restructured the work environment for maximal net income, an action that is non inherently bad. Maximal net incomes besides comes through employee trueness and dedication, both of which take enterprise on the employers portion to supply the worker with a positive work environment. Most parents, unlike claims, do non get away into work from the household. In an Ohio Study 66 % per centum of respondents said that work is non a alleviation from household and 86 % said they wanted to pass more clip with the household. 77 % of respondents were more # 8220 ; fulfilled at place # 8221 ; and 90 % were happier. Obviously work is non a alleviation from household ( U of C 1 ) . The conditions of the 1990s are different non worse ; returning to the 1950s is an absurd misconception. The 1950s was neer perfect, the lone household that was perfect was the Television situation comedy households, who existed merely in Hollywood. If this is true, than they fall for the really same error they reprimand modern society for, ideals and Television. Despite mundane jobs, the conditions that the mean kid has improved, non diminished. The societal ailments that might hold resulted from the alterations far outweigh the disadvantages. This action is possible but the stairss required to change by reversal society to the 1950s situation comedy would be boundlessly immense. First, extinguish any kind of modern communications devices: a computing machine, facsimile machine, electronic mail, beeper # 8211 ; points the advocators say cause the loss of artlessness. Second, present the changeless force per unit area of obliteration. Third, extinguish the additions in adult females # 8217 ; s rights and minority rights. Fourth, extinguish the modern presence of the media that piece can be rough for many kids does assist convey forth ailments and supply childs with instruction into maturity. Those parents who keep their childs sanctioned from # 8220 ; the existent universe # 8221 ; face the troubles of taking their childs from a radically different outside universe. A few parents view that kids should be kept free from the presence of any kind of harmful media. While they doubtless they feel that their kid is protected from injury, these parents fail to recognize the ailments when they release an uneducated kid into the universe. For protecting against colza, and other offense, instruction is the biggest bar. Educating kids about these jobs and the motivations behind such actions does necessitate overprotective parents to dig into the forbidden field of sexual instruction. The nostalgic say that kids are unready for any kind of trial. Information desensitizes childs # 8211 ; no thirster is right and incorrect presented in either a smiling or a spanking. Without clear way and parental authorization at place, these nostalgic parents warn that kids will turn up to an grownup who can non state right from incorrect. The emerging books from writers like Shalit, who is non even a sociologist, necessarily harm kids. # 8220 ; These books have a more insidious message: they equate artlessness with ignorance # 8221 ; ( Paul 62 ) . A parent excessively affecting themselves in a kid # 8217 ; s life is a hapless pick, frequently taking to rebellious as the kid tries to get away from the bounds placed on him or her. Impacts do be by taking a child from outside resources. If a kid is guided though reading of # 8216 ; grownup # 8217 ; knowledge the kid will beready to manage the outside universe. Frequently those like Wendy Shalit # 8220 ; misidentify the recognition of colza for its happening and chooses the illusive security of ignorance over the ambiguous wagess of world # 8221 ; . Womans who reject artlessness will # 8220 ; derive a field of vision free from the modern equivalents of powered whiffs and sunshades and downcast ciliums # 8221 ; ( Paul 65 ) Educated kids fare better when released into the universe: they have taken the first measure. When a protected kid is released into the outside universe, they have non had the rational preparation to manage the jobs grownups must confront. Plus, overprotective parents frequently have to cover with the rebellion of their childs, a rather dry consequence when the kid delves merrily into the mayhem which the parents tried so difficult to protect the kid against. The Medveds merely let six hours of G rated videos per hebdomad, the oldest kid can non read a book after 1960, and any kind of piquing stuff is turned off. # 8220 ; Should the intelligence come on during the household # 8217 ; s Sunday drives, the lb parents recount, # 8216 ; our kids instantly beg us to turn off the wireless, # 8217 ; lest they hear something that # 8216 ; spoils ther contentment # 8217 ; and when a haunting vocal from the soundtrack of showboat [ plays ] , their girls scream # 8220 ; fast forward! fast frontward! # 8221 ; because they # 8220 ; wouldn # 8217 ; t even see wordss that predict unhappiness or problem on the skyline # 8217 ; # 8221 ; ( Paul 64 ) . Last, cognition will be with us ; better acquire used to it. In the information age one can non get away the bombardment and why should they? Equally long as a parent is at that place to steer a kid cognition can be a fantastic thing. This essay does non understate the importance of parents ; they remain every bit indispensable as of all time. However to boldly state that society diminished is a sentiment rooted in half forgotten memories. Today there is so much more for a kid to larn and make, and every kid has an equal opportunity to achieve these ends. To return back to the 1950s is a end stemming from defeat of a coevals of parents, a defeat that while frequently justified, is non solvable with a blind spring to an American civilization every bit different as the 1850s to the 1900s. So allow the action halt where most grandparents halt: # 8220 ; life was better when I was a kid # 8221 ; . Undoubtedly today # 8217 ; s current coevals will be stating the same thing excessively. Boes # 8220 ; Convention on the Rights of the Child # 8221 ; America # 8212 ; America Child Rights Boes.org Gardner, Geroge E. The Emerging Personality: Infancy Through Adolescence New York: Delacorte Press, 1970. McCallum, Albert A. # 8220 ; Who Will Raise the Children # 8221 ; Prostitutes, Margarine, and Handguns. 15 Apr. 1999 Orwell, George. # 8220 ; A Child # 8217 ; s Life # 8221 ; A Collection of Essaies. Sand Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1946. Paul, Annie M. # 8220 ; The New Age on innocence. # 8221 ; Psychology Today. April 1999: 62-66 Schaffer, Scott. # 8220 ; Bad Review: The War Against Parents # 8221 ; Rev. of The War Against Parents by Sylvia Ann Hewlett and Cornel Stacey, Judith. # 8220 ; The Father Fixation # 8221 ; In the Name of the Family: Rethinking Family Valuess in a Postmodern Age 5 May 1999 Raasch, Brian. Personal Interview. 14 Apr. 1998 West. 1 Nov. 1998 Bad Subjects: Political Education for Everyday Life. 13 Apr. 1999 UCSF # 8220 ; The California Work and Health Survey # 8212 ; 1998 Story # 2: The State of Working Parents in California Graphic Summary for Publication September 8, 1998. # 8221 ; 8 Sept. 1998 University of California at San Fransisco. 12 Apr. 1998 U of C # 8220 ; May 8, 1998 Release From the Survey of Ohio # 8217 ; s Working Families: New Family and Work Survey at University of Cincinnati Fund Family is Where the Heart is. # 8221 ; University of Cincinnati/The Kunz Center for the Study of Work and Family 9 Apr. 1998 White, Burton L. The First Years of Life. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1975. shapeType20lineWidth22225lineColor13948116fShadow1shadowOffsetX0shadowOffset Y-12700shadowOriginY32385 Bibliography Boes # 8220 ; Convention on the Rights of the Child # 8221 ; America # 8212 ; America Child Rights Boes.org Cullen, Loanda # 8220 ; Confronting the Myths of Single Parenting # 8221 ; Single Parenting in the Ninetiess 15 Apr. 1998. Champion Press. 9 April 1999 Gardner, Geroge E. The Emerging Personality: Infancy Through Adolescence New York: Delacorte Press, 1970. Gesell, Arnold, Frances L. Ilg, and Louise Bates Ames. Infant and Child in the Culture of Today: The Guidance of Development in Home and Nursery School. 1943. New York: Harper and Row, 1974. McCallum, Albert A. # 8220 ; Who Will Raise the Children # 8221 ; Prostitutes, Margarine, and Handguns. 15 Apr. 1999 Orwell, George. # 8220 ; A Child # 8217 ; s Life # 8221 ; A Collection of Essays. Sand Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1946. Paul, Annie M. # 8220 ; The New Age on innocence. # 8221 ; Psychology Today. April 1999: 62-66 Piaget, Jean. The Child and Reality: Problems of Genetic Psychology. New York: Grossman Publishers, 1973 Schaffer, Scott. # 8220 ; Bad Review: The War Against Parents # 8221 ; Rev. of The War Against Parents by Sylvia Ann Hewlett and Cornel Stacey, Judith. # 8220 ; The Father Fixation # 8221 ; In the Name of the Family: Rethinking Family Valuess in a Postmodern Age 5 May 1999 Raasch, Brian. Personal Interview. 14 Apr. 1998# 8220 ; Two Parent Families by Cultural Group: 1994 US Census Data # 8221 ; University of Virginia. 5 May 1999 West. 1 Nov. 1998 Bad Subjects: Political Education for Everyday Life. 13 Apr. 1999 UCSF # 8220 ; The California Work and Health Survey # 8212 ; 1998 Story # 2: The State of Working Parents in California Graphic Summary for Publication September 8, 1998. # 8221 ; 8 Sept. 1998 University of California at San Fransisco. 12 Apr. 1998 U of C # 8220 ; May 8, 1998 Release From the Survey of Ohio # 8217 ; s Working Families: New Family and Work Survey at University of Cincinnati Fund Family is Where the Heart is. # 8221 ; University of Cincinnati/The Kunz Center for the Study of Work and Family 9 Apr. 1998 White, Burton L. The First Years of Life. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1975.

Guns and Crimes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Guns and Crimes - Essay Example This paper highlights that the provided gun control argumentative essay develops the idea of significance of gun control in modern society. Not all gun violence emanates from criminals. In 1988 there were more than 17,000 cases of gun suicide in the country. Suicide is a violent act, but it is certainly not a class of criminal activity to may people. There were more than eight hundred accidental, but fatal shootings in the same year, another type of gun violence that does occur to majority people as an instance of gun crime. In essence, gun violence is a somewhat broader term than gun crime as it encompasses both gun homicides and accidental shootings and gun suicides. It is important noting that most people think of gun homicides to gun crime, and that they do not consider accidental shooting and gun suicides as a form of crime. Enthusiasts debate sometimes tend to blur the difference between noncriminal and criminal gun violence to advance their personal agendas, often using statis tics on gun violence to emphasize the negative effects of gun crimes.Rather than using statistics on gun crime, antigun activists in most cases use statistics on gun violence to convince people on the necessity of gun control legislations. literature indicates that 30,708 Americans citizens died from gunfire in 1988 alone. The stated figure is accurate, but it combines both statistics on gun suicide, gun homicide, and accidental shootings. From this paper it is clear that   gun violence is a somewhat broader term than gun crime as it encompasses both gun homicides and accidental shootings and gun suicides. It is important noting that most people think of gun homicides to gun crime, and that they do not consider accidental shooting and gun suicides as a form of crime. Enthusiasts on both sides of the gun control debate sometimes tend to blur the difference between noncriminal and criminal gun violence to advance their personal agendas, often using statistics on gun violence to emphasize the negative effects of gun crimes. Rather than using statistics on gun crime, antigun activists in most cases use statistics on gun violence to convince people on the necessity of gun control legislations. According to Brady Campaign against gun violence, their literature indicates that 30,708 Americans citizens died from gunfire in 1988 alone. The stated figure is accurate, but it combines both statistics on gun suicide, gun homicid e, and accidental shootings. Consequently, it may potentially mislead people about the effects of gun crimes, as more than half of figure labeled as ‘dead from gunfire’ were either victims of accidental shooting or committed suicide. On the other hand, opponents of gun control may employ ominous data on gun violence to persuade people that guns are important for self-defense against gun-toting criminals. In this regard therefore, people convinced by this perception would most likely oppose any suggestion to enact gun control laws. For instance, pro-gun advocates argue that women should carry guns for self-defense.  

Story Conflicts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Story Conflicts - Essay Example As a result, she becomes fat, and no body knows why. This shows her concern about society, but she does not want to compromise with her desires. Listening her mother and eating little in public shows her concern about what people think of her. She hates seeing her relatives' reaction when they talk to her. She wishes to be liked by everyone. But usually, when she is alone, desire to eat takes her over and she eat the things which results in increase in fat. At her school she meets a girl, who helps her to reduce her weight. After tremendous struggle with her hunger and dieting, she achieves thin body. Now everyone likes her and she get married. When she becomes pregnant, her hunger takes over, and she starts eating secretly again. After child's birth also she continues eating lot and again become fat as before. This proves that a person may change their thinking for little time, but soon comes back to original life. She maintained her dieting for some years but soon came back to the life of lie, showing one thing and doing something else. She is self centered woman. She never felt any responsibility towards her parents, and now also she is not listening to her husband, who loves her a lot. She does not like to stay with people who interrupt her in doing what she wants, whoever they are. Other story is about a soldier, who returns home years after the war over. His situation is totally different from girl in previous story. After returning back, he compares every situation at hometown with that before going for war. The entire Situation is same except now he dislike many things amongst them. Previously he used to lie about his life at war. He used to attribute himself to the things other had gone through. Previously he used to say or do any thing to please girls, but now he thinks it is not worth saying lie anymore. He feels that he lost every thing, and him self. And this is because of lies he said to everyone. "Krebs acquired the nausea in regard to experience that is the result of untruth or exaggeration, and when he occasionally met another man who had really been a soldier and the talked a few minutes in the dressing room at a dance he fell into the easy pose of the old soldier among other soldiers: that he had been badly, sickeningly frightened all the time. In this way he lost everything." Now he wants simple and straightforward life without any type of complications. Now he wants truth in his life. He wish to get rid of the entire situation created because his untruth and exaggeration about his life and war. Now he does not want any consequences. He believes that things can get good again if he start things what are worth doing. His parents want him to set his aim and settle down to work. His sister wants him to participate in her daily activities. Unlike previous, now he wants to satisfy his parent's and sister's expectation and become good son and brother. Conclusion These two

Serum Markers for Septicemia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Serum Markers for Septicemia - Research Paper Example It is clear that a single biomarker which is ideal though has not been identified but a series specific studies on individual pathogen mediated sepsis has been studied extensively,. Challenges that are faced during biomarker research lied in the lack of uniform protocol and methodology , standardization of the assays and the detection levels to be fixed age wise from population to population. The reliable detection of Biomarkers can be useful to have a immense diagnostic and prognostic relevance in relation to the management of sepsis. Sepsis is considered as the most important cause of morbidity and mortality. By sepsis we mean infection of the blood and if it is caused by bacteria we term it as bacteremia and if by virus it is termed viremia. As such the infection in the blood is not so dangerous but as blood perfuses the important tissues and organs infections can be carried by blood to the kidneys or lungs which can result in the end organ failures of a patient leading to death i n severe conditions. The main issue is that sepsis often lacks clinical manifestations so if the specific and the sensitive indicators of the infections are collected and analyzed then it will create superior out comes in the management of the disease. Immunologically it can be considered as the dysregulation of the response of the innate immune system. Biomarkers are hence important to signal the presence and severity of sepsis in early conditions for effective prognostic values and importance.(Chiesa,1998)(De Bont,1994)(Manroe,1979)(Squire,1979). It is very important to note that sepsis is not a true disease and just a physiological manifestation of the systemic immune response in innate immunity majority of the studies define sepsis to be a systemic inflammatory response to a bacteria, virus or fungi. In clinical setting several other physiological symtoms must be presented to properly diagnose sepsis. The common treatments of patients suspected with sepsis aims to eradicate the bacteria in the blood or reduce its growth by using broad spectrum antimicrobials. The gold standard of sepsis diagnosis has been traditionally the use of microbial cultures to identify the source of illness. The major limitation of using cultures in the length of the time required to develop cultures to identifiable quantities to detect sepsis and the possible icrobes to start the treatment with antimicrobials and this with Bactek culture takes around 48 hours and hence there is a need of early detection through the detection of serum biomarkers which thus becomes important. Even the cultures might be insensitive under several conditions including the slow growing and non cultivatable organisms present at very low concentrations . So in the light of this problem alternative diagnostic methods using molecular biology tool kits have been developed to address the situation for rapid and automated detection of sepsis. These tests are basically the ELISA tests, flow cytometric detection of the specific marker antigens,immunocolorimetric tests ,FISH methodologies and PCR and amplified PCR techniques and the main ideology was to detect the marker proteins. In parallel to the development of biomarkers which provides a faster and more sensitive diagnostic methods for infectious microbes thus relies on the monitoring of the changes in specific serum protein biomarker concentrations. Biomarker is best defined as a factor or feature that can

CONTRACT LAW - Consideration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

CONTRACT LAW - Consideration - Essay Example In accordance, with the principle of promissory estoppel, Peter cannot go back on his promise to Rapid Builders and thereby causing a loss to the latter1. The realisation of a practical benefit to the promisor can be treated as consideration for the extra bonus or incentive offered by him. In CTN Cash and Carry Ltd v. Gallaher Ltd, the Court held that the promisor had received the practical benefit from the promise. The Court further opined that this practical benefit constituted the consideration for the additional payment promised by the promisor2. The reasoning of the Court in Williams v. Roffey suggested that if one party to a contract had promised to perform the existing contractual duty, and if there had been no detriments to the other party, and if the promisor had benefitted, then it could be said that there had been good consideration3. Promissory estoppel can be used as an instrument of defence and not as a cause of action. It was first employed in Central London Property Trust Ltd v High Trees Ltd4 and the ruling in Coombe v Coombe5 relied upon it. Due to financial setbacks and the Yuletide season not proving to be as lucrative as Peter had hoped that it would; he was unable to pay Keg Ltd the agreed upon amount of  £8,000 for the supply of champagne. As per the extant case law, a part payment of a debt cannot be considered as full settlement of the outstanding debt. Hence, Peter has to pay Keg Ltd the remaining  £2,000. The relevant case law has been discussed in the sequel. In D & C Builders v. Rees, the plaintiff sustained substantial financial loss. The defendant agreed to pay just  £300 towards the complete repayment of her debt. The plaintiff accepted this lesser amount due to financial duress. Later on, the plaintiff company sued the defendant, in order to recover the remainder of the amount due from her. The Court held that the plaintiff was

Activity 10 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Activity 10 - Essay Example Apart from these procedures, the centre educates the people on the importance of fish health and the aquatic ecosystem. Through this, the people around these fisheries benefit from this service (Mudrak 1). The fisheries experiences challenge in maintaining the fish species. This is because of over fishing of a certain kind of specie, which results to extinction of that specie after a period. Another challenge is that, over the past years, there has been a reduction in number of fish available for the large number of anglers (Mudrak 1). The project has methods used to overcome these challenges. First, there is a ban on fishing of almost extinct species and reduction in the rate of fishing. The project controls the rate of production and consumption of fish in the southeast region. However, these measures will harm the occupation of those who rely on fishing as their income is controlled and reduced due to the safeguard measures. In order to reduce cost, the project should consider using the laid out anglers, as workers in the project. By so doing, they will not have to invest in guarding the fishery against illegal fishing (Mudrak

Budgeting in Health Care Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Budgeting in Health Care Organizations - Essay Example There are numerous other types of budgets such as annual statistics budget and revenue budget and they vary according to their purposes (Gapenski). These budgets can vary across different health care institutions. The reason for this is the diversity of the financial structures, organizational culture and reporting systems of organizations (Finkler and McHugh, 2008, p.171). The process by which health care organizations design and implement budget based on such organizational structure, culture and reporting system determines whether they will achieve budgeted operating margin targets. This is demonstrated in the experience of University of Utah Hospitals and Clinics (UUHC). It was found that the institution's personnel are not knowledgeable on budgeting and finance and that there is no organizational mechanism or aspect of the organizational culture that encourage the education of the staff. As a result, expenses always exceed the budget and what is worse, the extra expenditures are found to be unnecessary (Clark, 2005, p.79). Budgeting, or correct budgeting, is important because it supports the operation of the health care organization. ... lth care institutions and it needs budgeting in order to maintain positive performance and deal with problems, such as "shrinking revenues and rising expenses" (Schwieters and Harper, p.76). The benefit of budgeting is aligned with the importance of cost information. As managers and hospital personnel are informed about budgeting and cost, a sound operating budgeting process can finally be implemented in order to achieve financial health. This point was explained by the intervention introduced at UUHC in 2004 to improve budgeting results. The organization pursued an aggressive education drive for its staff about budget and finance, "offering incentives to stay within budgets, holding budget variance meetings with managers, and requesting corrective action plans from managers". The result was improved budgeting performance. The intervention model highlighted by the case of UUHC included an important tool in budgeting: variance analysis. It is a method that focuses on comparisons of ac tual results and budgeted expectations for each line in the budget of each cost center in the health care organization (Finkler, Ward and Baker, 2007, p.200). The flexible budgeting variance analysis is one of its types that is widely used in health care organizations. The methodology follows a framework of gathering information the comprehensively cover the composition of departmental expenses. This could lead UUHC, for instance, to subdivide total variance (the difference between standard prices and quantities and actual prices and quantities) into three: price, quantity and volume (Baker, 1998, p.128). Baker explained these three in detail: Price variance pertains to the proportion of the overall variance caused by the differences between actual and expected price input; Quantity

Financial planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Financial planning - Essay Example Conversely, one can be renewed. There are merits associated with the term policy. First, ones coverage does not end at the 10th year but can still go on as long as you pay the premiums past the 10th year. Secondly, the term policy is convertible with no prove to ones health. In doing so, you are offered a level rate for as long as your lifetime ( Fedorowicz, 1977). A twenty year term is beneficial for squat term protection. In case of untimely death, a huge payout is given out. The premium also pays for a home mortgage ( Fedorowicz, 1977). In case of death the next of kin is given a lump sum of money. Also, this term caters for newly employed youths who are to plan their life (Kaye, 1989). The policy is flexible, and one can renew and convert it from one policy to other policies. Fedorowicz, Z. (1977). Financial planning. Warsaw: Central School of Planning and Statistics in Warsaw, Research Institute for Developing Countries. Financial

Foreign Policy in the US Essay Example for Free

Foreign Policy in the US Essay

US Magnesium Essay Example for Free

US Magnesium Essay In Feb 2004, US Magnesium, the sole surviving US producer of magnesium, a metal that is primarily used in the manufacture of certain automobile parts and aluminum cans, filed a petition with the US International Trade Commission (ITC) contending that a surge in imports had caused material damage to the US industry’s employment, sales, market share, and profitability. According to US Magnesium, Russian and Chinese producers had been selling the metal at prices significantly below market value. During 2002 and 2003, imports of magnesium into the US rose 70%, while prices fell by 40% and the market share accounted for by imports jumped to 50% from 25%. â€Å"The US used to be the largest producer of magnesium in the world†, a US Magnesium spokesman said at the time of the filing. â€Å"What’s really sad is that you can be state of the art and have modern technology, and if the Chinese, who pay people less than 90 cents an hour, want to run you out of business, they can do it. And that’s why we are seeking relief†. During a yearlong investigation, the ITC solicited input from various sides in the dispute. Foreign producers and consumers of magnesium in the US argued that falling prices for magnesium during 2002 and 2003 simply reflected an imbalance between supply and demand due to additional capacity coming on stream not from Russia or China but from a planned Australian plant. The Canadian plant shut down in 2003, the Australian plant never went into operation, and prices for magnesium rose again in 2004. Magnesium consumers in the US also argued to the ITC that imposing antidumping duties on foreign imports of magnesium would raise prices in the US significantly above world levels. A spokesman for Alcoa, which mixes magnesium with aluminum to make alloys for cans, predicted that if antidumping duties were imposed, high magnesium prices in the US would force Alcoa to move some production out of the US. Alcoa also noted that in 2003, US Magnesium was unable to supply all of Alcoa’s needs, forcing the company to turn to imports. Consumers of magnesium in the automobile industry asserted that high prices in the US would drive engineers to design magnesium out of automobiles or force manufacturing elsewhere, which would ultimately hurt everyone. The six members of the ITC were not convinced by these arguments. In March 2005, the ITC ruled that both China and Russia had been dumping magnesium in the US. The government decided to impose duties ranging from 50% to more than 140% on imports of magnesium from China. Russian producers face duties ranging from 19% to 22%. The duties will be levied for five years, after which the ITC will revisit the situation. According to US Magnesium, the favorable ruling will now allow the company to reap the benefits of nearly $50 million in investments made in its manufacturing plant during the last few years and enable the company to boost its capacity by 28% by the end of 2005. Commenting on the favorable ruling, a US Magnesium spokesman noted, â€Å"Once unfair trade is removed from the marketplace we’ll be able to compete with anyone†. US Magnesium’s customers and competitors, however, did not view the situation in the 2002-2003 period as one of unfair trade. While the imposition of antidumping duties no doubt will help to protect US Magnesium and the 400 people it employs from foreign competition, magnesium consumers in the US are left wondering if they will be the ultimate losers.

Preventing the Spread of Nosocomial Infections

Preventing the Spread of Nosocomial Infections Thomas Elliott   Nosocomial is a term derived from two Greek words: nosus meaning a diseaseor ailment and komeion meaning to take care of. By definition, nosocomial infections are those that are acquired by patients while under direct medical care. Nosocomial infections are a major safety concern for both medical professionals and their patients and have been linked to an increase in morbidity, mortality and an increase length of stay (Mehta et al., 2014). These patients require more therapeutic and diagnostic interventions, endure preventable suffering, and occupy scarce bed-days. This has a systemic effect on our medical infrastructure, forcing hospitals to spend more. Consequently, insurance companies bridge the gap by charging more for their benefits. Nurses have the responsibility of beneficence and play a crucial role in stopping the spread of nosocomial infections. It is the foundation on which our nursing procedures and techniques are grounded. The American Nurses Association (ANA) promotes e vidence-based practices that can be utilized by clinicians to prevent nosocomial infections so that, in collaboration with the Affordable Care Act, patients will have more knowledge about the care they receive, better outcomes and shorter hospital stays. Preventing nosocomial infections in patients is a major responsibility for nurses as well as other healthcare providers because it greatly reduces patient mortality, length of stay and health care costs. I worked with a 77-year-old male patient who was recovering from multiple ailments on the intensive care floor. He contracted ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) after being on mechanical ventilation for 30 days. Upon treatment of his pneumonia, he developed multiple drug resistant organisms from his antibiotic therapy rendering his illness virtually incurable. Ventilator associated pneumonia is a nosocomial infection and patients have a 1%-4% chance of contracting this illness for every day they are on mechanical ventilation (Chastre Fagon, 2002). This disease is preventable and two questions have been formulated to explore strategies on its prevention: What is the most important aspect of patient care for the prevention of transmission of nosocomial infections and what patient p opulations are the most vulnerable? Aseptic technique is a procedural process by which a clinician establishes an environment that is free from bacteria, viruses and other harmful microorganisms in order to provide care to a patient. This technique is required anytime that a patients skin is perforated or when a sterile body cavity is entered such as when providing ventilator care (Schub Woten, 2015). It includes meticulous hand hygiene and the use of sterile attire and equipment. Approximately one third of nosocomial infections occur when aseptic technique is not followed and is transmitted from patient to patient through direct contact by a healthcare provider (Lewis et al, 2011, p. 240).   Because a large portion of nosocomial infections are transmitted by healthcare providers, proper hand washing and the use of protective equipment are the single most important measures in infection control (Saloojee Steenhoff, 2001). The hands are the most common way microorganisms are transmitted between patients, so it is imperative for health care providers to wash their hands vigorously for 15 seconds before and after leaving the room and when moving from one task to another (Mehta et al., 2014). These guidelines are backed by evidence-based practice and are established to protect patients, especially those who are the most vulnerable to infection. Patients receiving health care are exposed to a variety of different microorganisms from clinicians, other patients and even from hospital visitors. Susceptibility can be attributed to both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The most important intrinsic factor that determines susceptibility towards acquiring nosocomial infections is age. Older adults and the elderly population are two to three times more likely to develop nosocomial infections than the younger population (Lewis et al, 2011, p. 240).   Typically, the elderly have more comorbidities, are more immunocompromised and have longer hospital stays which increases their chances of developing nosocomial infections. Extrinsic factors include surgical or invasive procedures such as the use of a ventilator, organ transplants, implanted foreign bodies or immunosuppressive medications and personal exposure. These extrinsic factors bypass the normal defensive barriers of the skin and mucous membranes, providing foci where organi sms can flourish. Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors can be controlled by healthcare providers through the application and knowledge of evidence-based infection control practices such as aseptic technique. Patients have very little control over the factors that affect their health during hospitalization and rely on the healthcare providers to stay diligent. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) in coordination with the American Nurses Association (ANA) has implemented strategies for clinicians to both reduce the likelihood of nosocomial infections and empower patients with knowledge regarding which hospitals provide the safest practices. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) was established to provide health insurance for all Americans and to equip them with adequate knowledge regarding the risks and benefits of where they are receiving their care. Although patients covered under the act will not need to pay out of pocket for the treatment of nosocomial infections, they will need to pay for insurance claims related to medications, follow-up care, lab work and rehab. These claims can drag on for years. Because patient safety is a top priority, the ACA has rolled out a mandate which requires hospitals to be held accountable for nosocomial infections. This includes improving infrastructure, insurance requirements as well as reduced payments from Medicare and state Medicaid programs.   The ACA has also established a uniform online reference center for the public to utilize which allows them to check the prevalence of nosocomial infections at their local hospitals. Patients can then make educated decisions on where they ar e likely to receive the safest healthcare. Patient perception of the environment and care they receive is tied to financial incentives for hospitals which is measured by patient satisfaction surveys. The survey includes questions that ask patients about the perceived cleanliness of the hospital, quality of care and if they would recommend the specific hospital. These elements included in the ACA are designed to protect, educate and to empower patients to make the right healthcare decisions. The American Nurses Association (ANA) as well has developed evidence-based guidelines for nurses and other healthcare providers to utilize in order to prevent nosocomial infections and improve patient outcomes. Emergent threats to patient safety, such as nosocomial infections, during a hospital stay require nurses and other healthcare providers to be equipped and educated with the latest research to protect themselves and their patients against infection. The ANA in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have developed a specialty organization called the Nursing Infection Control Education Network (NICE Network) which provides training courses for nurses to improve adherence to infection prevention practices. This program keeps nurses up-to-date on the latest research regarding infection prevention such as vigorous hand washing for 15 seconds and the use of gloves, gown and a mask when working in a sterile environment (ANA, 2017). These measures are aimed at reducing healthcare costs for patients and for improving their outcomes. The ANA described this method of care through the use of an inverted pyramid of priorities. This model represents primary care as the foundation of our nursing practice and should be the highest priority for providing care by focusing on prevention of complications and adverse events (American Nurses Association, 2008). This shift of thinking requires nurses to assume a more holistic approach to their practice not only by focusing on the physical ailment of the patient but in caring for the entire person. In so doing, nurses reduce their risk of inadvertently transmitting nosocomial infections to their patients while providing care for another reason. Health care is becoming less accessible and more expensive for patients so it is imperative that providers stay diligent and safe with their practices as to not deter people from seeking medical attention. Nurses and other health care providers do not intend to spread disease but unfortunately, they become the vectors and can spread infection to their patients without knowing it. This is why the ANA has implemented simple, evidenced-based preventative strategies to be taught in the form of classes to significantly reduce transmission rates and to increase compliance with and adoption of safest evidence-based practices by health care providers. The ACA has established a form of accountability for hospitals along with providing the general public with information regarding nosocomial infections at their local hospitals. These measures have been implemented to protect our patients, especially the most vulnerable from acquiring these infections and to reduce the overall rate nationwide o f nosocomial infections.

Education Over Censorship Essay -- School Technology Essays

Education Over Censorship Remember when you were a kid and you discovered something taboo or something that was considered adult? Didn’t it seem wrong, but exciting at the same time? It was something that was kept from your eyes or ears, but you were able to find it again when you wanted to. This is why there’s censorship in the world. There are things out there that children shouldn’t see. But determining what kids shouldn’t see has been plaguing our society forever. If we censor certain mediums just so kids can’t see them, then adults are also restricted. It’s like burning the house down to roast the pig. But, what if children were educated better? Even if they were educated about the taboo subjects such as pornography or obscenity, it could result in a society where these subjects weren’t taboo. Just blocking anything that has to do with sex, for example, could harm a child’s ability to learn important lessons about sex. If children are educated better, both at home and in school, censorship doesn’t have to be used and the idea of free speech could be respected much better than it is now. Unfortunately, when all those old dead presidents wrote the constitution over 200 years ago, they didn’t have TV, radio, or the internet. The fact that all the first amendment says is that congress can’t stop the freedom of speech or the press leaves this amendment open to endless debate over how it should be translated to modern day terms. If only Thomas Jefferson had in mind the KKK, Neo-Nazis, and the porn industry on the internet when he helped write the constitution. The Communications Decency Act was a huge block of nearly anything remotely obscene on the internet in order to protect the interests of minors. Among other... ...ble <http://researcher.sirs.com>. (8 December 1999). Kristol, Irving. "Liberal Censoship and the Common Culture."l Society Sep/Oct 1999: 5-11. EBSCOhost MasterFILE Premier. Available <http://www.epnet.com/ehost/>. (8 December 1999). Meecks, Brock N. "The Obscenity of Decency." HotWired and Wired Privacy Archive. <http://hotwired.lycos.com/Lib/Privacy/exon.privacy.html>. (8 December 1999).] Melillo, Wendy. "Block Shot." Brandweek 6 September 1999: pIQ12. EBSCOhost MasterFILE Premier. Available <http://www.epnet.com/ehost/>. (8 December 1999). Storck, Thomas. "Censorship Can Be Beneficial." Censorship: Opposing Viewpoints Eds. David Bender, et al. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1997. Wallace, Jonathan D. "Pervasive Problem." Reason October 1998: 52-58. EBSCOhost MasterFILE Premier. Available <http://www.epnet.com/ehost/>. (8 December 1999).

Why People Use Natural Bridges Park :: Study Ecology Environment

Why People Use Natural Bridges Park Perhaps it was being born to two hippy children but I find myself making excuses to trek over Highway 17 just to spend hours of my time taking in all the wonders of nature the town holds. One place that I have found that holds so many of the wonders is Natural Bridges State Park. From the trails, the natural bridges and tide pools, down to the monarch sanctuary, the park holds a plethora of nature's precious delights. The trails that wind through this park are breathtaking in many ways. Natural Bridges sits on 65 acres of coastal land in Santa Cruz, California. As the trails wind, the untouched beauty of wetlands and meadows are exposed within the park's interior. Many coastal birds and other creatures find sanctuary from the harsh surrounding environments while giving visual pleasure to bird watchers and natural scientists of the like. The trails are gracefully laid out around the land in order to maintain the harmony between human beings and nature. Moore Creek runs peacefully through the wetlands and under the trails as it makes it course to the sea. Taking these trails is one of the best ways to catch all the hidden secrets that exist inside the park. Once you make it down to the ocean, a spectacular natural bridge greets you as it wades in the waves below. As the tide flows out, amazing sea stars, sand dollars, and other shore dwellers become visible in the remarkable tide pools. This is one of the main ways children can learn about plants and animals hands on. If timing is right and you look out at the ocean you might catch migrating whales or seals playing with each other while searching for a meal. There is no end to the mystical creatures that pass through the parks perimeters. Another wonder of nature that I find most enchanting is the monarch butterfly. These migrating butterflies fly to this Natural Preserve, the only one in California, to take shelter from the harsh winter. They nestle in the eucalyptus trees in huge clusters to stay warm. They usually arrive in October and are off again in March. The park knows how important it is to protect these butterflies and they have constructed a beautiful viewing area that allows you to get an intimate view without damaging their habitat.

Graduation Speech :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Hi, my name is Mary Smith, and I want to welcome you all to the County High School graduation ceremony tonight. I came to County High School four years ago. As soon as I walked onto the campus I knew it was the right place for me. In fact if I were to describe CHS in one word it would be "family." Everyone here, students and staff, are the most understanding, supportive and encouraging group of people you could find. It is because of my "family" that I am graduating today. My journey to this day has been filled with many challenges. I dropped out of school thinking that I did not need a high school diploma to accomplish the things I wanted in life. That was a mistake. Finding myself behind in credits, I enrolled in FAHS hoping to get back on track. The foundation for success was here. But soon after, I became pregnant and left school again. I was able to return to school because of the daycare at FAHS. I was more motivated this time around to find my dream of graduating. But my road took another unexpected turn leaving me a teen mom now to two. Once again with the help of the FAHS daycare I returned to school With the support of my "family" my dream is becoming a reality. All of the other students here have stories of their own to tell. Stories of what brought them to FAHS, stories of what kept them here and stories of the obstacles they have had to overcome in their lives. They are about tragedy and triumph, success and failure and of will and determination to follow their dreams. It has been the dream of each and every student here tonight to graduate and that dream is finally coming true. To my fellow graduates, I encourage you to continue to dream big. Whatever your goal is in life - dream to the next level. Believe me when I tell you that you can go farther than you think you can go. People who fail to dream do so because they cannot believe their dreams will come true. Never stop dreaming. James Dean once said, "Dream as if you'll live forever. Live as if you'll die today." On behalf of my fellow graduates, I would like to extend a special thanks to the staff at FAHS. You had so much faith in all of us.

Need vs Want Essay

There are N number of products under various categories in the market. But how many of them are successful is a fact that needs to be analyzed. The customer can view only the end product. But the actual fact behind the success of the product is invisible to the customer. One of the most important factors that lead to the success of the product is Marketing. The term marketing revolves around three basic principles –â€Å"Needs, wants and demands†. It is very important to understand the difference among the three before identifying the needs and wants of our examples Mountain dew, Nike shoes and IPod. Needs: Human needs are basic requirements Human needs are the basic requirements and include food clothing and shelter. Wants: Wants are a step ahead of needs and are largely dependent on the needs of the human beings. For example, you may want chocolates but the basic need is food. Demands: A step ahead of wants is demands. When an individual wants something which is premium, but he also has the ability to buy it, then these wants are converted to demands. Having understood the difference among needs wants and demands, let us analyze the Needs versus Wants of Mountain Dew, Nike Shoes and IPod. A product becomes successful when the customer is attracted by it. The first striking feature is how the product is presented. The attractive green color label and the name of the product scores rightly. Added to it, it is marketed by famous film stars like Salman Khan and Mahesh Babu. This advertising factor alone will drive people to buy Mountain Dew. The customer’s basic need here in this context would be a drink which has good taste, which is small and affordable, which has the reasonable quality for the money that he pays. This need factor is changed to want when this product is visually appealing and instigates one to buy this product. This appeal is created by the label, logo and the advertisement as stated earlier. Branded products are the most wanted in the market at any given point in time. But one has to understand that the brand got established in the market with its quality. Nike is an example of such a top range product which has the skill to meet the customer wants and needs. The customer’s need of shoes aligns to a point where he gets the much wanted comfort. Nike will be the first choice as the name itself serves as the guarantee. There are variety of designs and features across the product balancing the comfort factor as well. They help enhance the physical strength by best enabling the body, perform its best while exercising and jogging. The world’s best athletes who represent in Olympics go for Nike. This exemplifies the quality and the comfort which fulfils the wants of the customer. Yet again Nike fulfils the customer’s needs being comfortable and affordable, wants being fashionable and varieties to choose from. The customer feels great and proud to use the product because the shoes not only reflect one’s reputation but also prove to be appealing and performing. The factors discussed for the above two products holds good for IPods as well. Apple product holds the highest brand value in the world market. The company was a pioneer in introducing a device which is small, compact and portable yet offers mobile on the go music. Music addicts’ and lovers’ needs were rightly understood and thus the product made a history in its reputation and sales. An individual who wants to stay connected to music would need a quality device which enables him or her listen to music. Besides meeting this common expectation, Apple made listening to music interesting but adding its own flavor of brand, quality, style and varieties. The product comes in so many customized fashions that everyone would have one to choose from. The wide range of products like iPod shuffle, iPod nano, iPod mini, iPod touch, iPod shuffle etc, it satisfies a wide range of customers form different categories as well. Not just the product, even the accessories are so stylish and they serve multipurpose apart from music that people would want to buy an iPod in their lifetime once. Such needs and wants of the customers made the company grow beyond just meeting the customer’s expectation and come with new features every time. All these summarize and narrow down to the fact that for a company to be successful and to survive in the market race for a longer time maintaining its reputation and quality, it has to always be able to meet the needs of the customers, which are the basic requirement of the product like purpose, quality and affordability, and wants of the customers, which would reflect their personality, style, pride and reputation. Ultimately the customer decides if he or she buys the product. In order to convince the customer buy the product, there has to be the perfect balance of the needs and wants requirements. All the three example companies have understood this basic principle and have made a perfect blend of the requirements to offer the best product to the customer. When a customer is impressed with a product, he or she establishes a bond to the company which cannot be broken than easily. Both the company and the customers are mutually benefitted by this. Company makes profit and the custom er is happy!!!

Assignment 4 Celta

Assignment 4 – Lessons from the Classroom The woods are lovely, dark and deep, But I have promises to keep, And miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before I sleep. I decided to take the CELTA because it seemed like a fairly easy way to make some money while I traveling. However, a mere month's exposure to teaching has given me the confidence to pursue teaching English as a serious career alternative, should I ever get sick of political antics and swindlers' conspiracies. All through my life, people told me I would make a decent teacher. Now, I believe it. I believe it because I have braved the utterly nerve-racking schedule of assignment submissions and lesson planning and teaching without falling apart. Though I learned a lot from our wonderful trainers (full credits to Gabbi and Maureen) and my absolutely wonderful classmates, I really have miles to go before I sleep (literally). A month is a very short time to learn something but it is admirable that all of us have had such a tremendous growth curve. Personally, I know I have become much more confident about standing in front of a classroom full of students and talking about the finer points of the English language. Not many noticed it, but I avoided writing anything on the board the first afternoon we had Teaching Practice (TP) because my hands were shaking so vigorously. I have definitely come a long way since then. I have learned a lot from the critique and feedback by classmates and tutors, observation of peers and experienced teachers, and from self-reflection. I discovered the very first day that it was important to establish a good rapport with the students and be comfortable talking with them. Observing Darin during his first lesson taught me a very valuable lesson – I learned it was important to engage students in conversation rather than assume the role of a traditional teacher. Though Maureen commented on June 23, the first day of TP, that I established a good rapport with the students, I really feel that I felt more comfortable from the second lesson onwards. Observing Porter in the first week of the class was a big bonus. He was so much at   ease in class, so much at home. He made the students feel comfortable and involved his Advanced English students in the process of teaching and learning. I worked hard on planning from the beginning and mostly produced solid plans. On June 2, Maureen mentioned that I had a very detailed lesson plan and good language analysis. I adjusted well to the different levels of students within the class. When I was teaching elementary level classes, I made it a point to explain concepts to the weakier students and help them during the tasks if they had any difficulty. After Teaching Practice on June 26, my classmates who had observed me teaching commented that I had monitored weaker students like Carlos and Jessica well throughout the class. I think I did well in class management from the beginning. I made sure I kept all students on their toes and working hard. From the first week, when Maureen commented that I managed my classes well, till the third week, when Gabi as well as my classmates commented that I taught a good lesson to one truant students – I think my class management skills have only improved. From the beginning of Teaching Practice, both Maureen and Gabi commented that I successfully established a good rapport with the students. On the first day, Maureen wrote in my Teaching Practice Evaluation, â€Å"You established a nice rapport with the students, very friendly and confident. † When we switched levels, Gabi wrote in my Evaluation, â€Å"You built a good rapport with your new SS. † Even though I have switched to the Intermediate level, some of the Elementary level students often come up to me with doubts and questions. I have to mention that observing Darin while he taught was a fantastic experience because he has always establishes such a comfortable rapport with his students. I had a problem with excessive TTT from the very beginning. I think a major reason for this is that the Indian educational system tends to have very teacher-centered classrooms. from the beginning, the tutors and my classmates have pointed out that I need to reduce TTT and make the lessons more student-centered. Though I have tried hard to do this, I still have a long way to go before I become a minimalist talker. I do earnestly believe that student-centered learning is far more effective. It was great to observe Porter because it showed how minimalist TTT can be super effective in the classroom. Porter allowed the students to lead classroom discussion and complete his sentences. He elicited a lot of information without being verbose. I analyzed language items well before presenting them in class. On June 24, Maureen commented that I had a â€Å"detailed analysis of the grammar operation of the target language. † In the beginning, I had some trouble organizing the stages of clarification of meaning and grammar form. However, I think I improved significantly in latter classes. On July 2, when I taught relative classes, Maureen said that I used effective CCQs and did a â€Å"thorough analysis of the form and meaning. † I did help students with improving their pronunciation by doing both choral and individual oral drilling. However, I think this is one area in which I have a lot to improve. I have tried to correct students' pronunciation errors, especially at the intermediate level, but I think I should do more of this. Fernanda consistenly drills the students a lot and tells me that it is very important for them to repeat the sounds again and again before they can be comfortable with them. I think I did well in giving students practice in receptive skills of reading and listening during my lessons. On June 26 Maureen commented, â€Å"I think students received some useful reading comprehension practice, and you adapted the materials creatively. † I do have a problem with linking the stages during receptive skills lessons. As Gabi commented on July 8, I need to link tasks more clearly so students know why they are doing the activities you ar giving them. I haven't done a very good job at providing productive practice to students because I don't time my lessons too well. Most often, students don't have enough time for speaking or writing at the end of the lesson. Wilson did a fantastic job at timing his lesson on July 14 – the students had more than 15 minutes of freer speaking practice at the end of his lesson. My goals for the future are to make my lesson more student centered, to reduce TTT and to improve my timing. These have been my most significant weaknesses throughout the course. I need ot hold back and let go of my control over the class. This will help me reduce TTT while at the same time making the lesson more student-centered. To achieve this aim, I will let the students discuss everything before I step in with suggestions and clarifications. This will also make the lesson more interactive and fun for the students. I will work hard to be economical with my instructions and explanations by planning my lesson to the last detail. Timing the lesson is also a matter of careful planning. I also need to be very aware of the ticking clock. With this aim in mind, I will invest in a large clock placed strategically in the classroom so I can't miss it.

Humanity Definition Essay

Many have debates on whether humans are naturally humane or if they become more or less because of their society and vice versa. In other words, people are a function of their society. Human beings tend to group themselves in to multiple groups with various likes and differences. These groups can affect society and society can have an impact on these groups. Therefore, society can affect certain groups over time. As societies evolve, they are subjected to social changes which include factors that may or may not affect the species. For example, the external factors of society (including war, immigration, natural disasters and technology), seize of human population, and governments are key elements that cause social changes that are relevant to cause changes in humanity over time. Science for All American Online states that, â€Å"The condition of one generation limit and shape the range of possibilities open to the next. On the one hand, each new generation learns the society’ cultural forms and thus does not have to reinvent strategies for producing food, handling conflict, educating people, governing, and so forth. It also learns aspirations for how society can be maintained and improved. On the other hand tensions way lead to war, wide-scale drug abuse, poverty and deprivation, racism. And a multitude of private group advances† (â€Å"Chapter†). In this quote, it describes how certain social changes change society and the groups that form society. Therefore, people are more or less because of society and there is no such this as human nature. Many socialists suggest, â€Å"Human beings are so great that there is no such thing as human nature – that we are simply a reflection of social surroundings with no inherit behavior, no core or ‘essence’ or special qualities that makes us human†¦if we can somehow perfect our social surroundings, we can perfect the human beings† (Le Blanc). In this quotation, it explains how some believe there is not human nature and that people are products of their social surroundings. Societies afflict social changes which may or may not affect the species of human beings. Social changes can afflict, any social conflicts which demands society to regulate the conflict in order to avoid competition between groups. When society undergoes changes for the good or bad, conflict can evolve. This may cause groups in society or fight, argue and get in disputes. The people can face internal conflict or external conflict in their groups of interest. Science for All Americans Online describes, â€Å"There is social conflict between all human societies†¦Conflict between people or groups often arise from competition for resources power, and status. Family members fight for attention. Individuals fight to compete for jobs and wealth. Nations compete for territory and prestige. Different interest groups compete for influence and the power to make rules. Often the competition is not for resources but for ideas – one person or group wants to have ideas or behavior of another group suppressed, punished, or declared illegal† (â€Å"Chapter†). The source that provided this quote describes house the conflict in society arises from the demand for ideas; not from resources. The groups that argue and cause disputes change society and change themselves out of these disputes. The ideas that come out of these arguments may cause change in many things. Paul Le Blanc explains â€Å"There would be opportunity for a much higher level of individual satisfaction with life; conflict and violence would be reduced is alternative social moans would negate the currently felt need for self-help would readily be accessible; and in any case there would be a greater degree of equality and a greater sense of security in the social system† (Le Blanc). To achieve what the quote explains, society would have to change. Therefore the people in society that have been affected would also change. The selflessness, struggle, and abuse would all change. All of the bitter dynamics of social struggle that demonstrate our nature would seek change. The social conflict that evolves in society demands that people fix the conflict, in order to avoid the competition of the social gro ups with similar interests. Throughout human beings’ life society impacts your life in many ways. People are a product of society and social groups that evolve overtime and there is no such this as human nature. Social changes can afflict conflict which demands competition and change in society and as society’s progress, they face social changes. Society changes social groups over time. Works Cited â€Å"Chapter 7: Human Society.† Science For All Americans Online. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1990. Web. 21 Oct. 2012. http://www.project2061,org/publications/sfaa/online/chap7.htm. Le Blanc, Paul. â€Å"Human Nature.† Human Nature and How it Changes. Vol.i, No.2.Web. 21Oct. 2012. http://www.laborstandard.org/Vol1No2/Human_Nature.htm.

Integumentary System

The Integumentary System Basic Structure of the Skin 1. Complete the following statements by writing the appropriate word or phrase on the correspondingly numbered blank: Epidermis The two basic tissues of which the skin is composed are dense irregular 1. _____________________________ connective tissue, which makes up the dermis, and 1 , which forms the epiKeratin dermis. The tough water-repellent protein found in the epidermal cells is called 2. ____________________________ 2 . The pigments melanin and 3 contribute to skin color. A localized Carotene concentration of melanin is referred to as a 4 . 3. _____________________________ Freckle 4. _____________________________ 2. Four protective functions of the skin are a. b. Protection ____________________________________________ Temperature regulation ____________________________________________ c. d. Prevents water loss _________________________________________ minor excretory system _________________________________________ 3.Using t he key choices, choose all responses that apply to the following descriptions. Key: a. b. c. stratum basale stratum corneum stratum granulosum d. e. f. Stratum Lucidum Stratum corneum & stratum lucidum papillary layer dermis as a whole epidermis as a whole stratum basale stratum corneum stratum spinosum dermis as a whole stratum basale stratum basale papillary layer stratum lucidum stratum spinosum papillary layer g. reticular layer h. epidermis as a whole i. dermis as a whole 1. translucent cells in thick skin containing keratin fibrils 2. dead cells 3. ermal layer responsible for fingerprints 4. vascular region 5. major skin area that produces derivatives (nails and hair) 6. epidermal region exhibiting the most rapid cell division 7. scalelike dead cells, full of keratin, that constantly slough off 8. mitotic cells filled with intermediate filaments 9. has abundant elastic and collagenic fibers 10. location of melanocytes and Merkel cells 11. area where weblike pre-keratin filamen ts first appear 12. region of areolar connective tissue 45 4. Label the skin structures and areas indicated in the accompanying diagram of thin skin.Then, complete the statements that follow. Hair Shaft Stratum Corneum Stratum granulosum Stratum Spinosum Epidermis Layers Stratum Basale nerve endings hair follicle Sebaceous gland Melanocytes Arrector pili muscle Dermis Reticular layer Sweat gland Blood vessel Subcutaneous tissue or Hair Root Hypodermis Vein Adipose cells Pacinian Corpuscle (deep pressure receptor) a. Lamellated granules extruded from the keratinocytes prevent water loss by diffusion through the epidermis. b. c. Glands that respond to rising androgen levels are the sebaceous & apocrine lands. d. Phagocytic cells that occupy the epidermis are called langerhans cells . e. A unique touch receptor formed from a stratum basale cell and a nerve fiber is a merkel disc f. What layer is present in thick skin but not in thin skin? stratum lucidum g. 46 Fibers in the dermis are produced by fibroblasts What cell-to-cell structures hold the cells of the stratum spinosum tightly together? demosomes Review Sheet 7 . . 5. What substance is manufactured in the skin that plays a role in calcium absorption elsewhere in the body? Vitamin D 6.List the sensory receptors found in the dermis of the skin. free nerve endings, messiners corpuscles, pacinian corpuscles 7. A nurse tells a doctor that a patient is cyanotic. Define cyanosis. What does its presence imply? tissues near the skin surface are low on oxygen 8. What is a bedsore (decubitus ulcer)? Why does it occur? blue or purple color to the skin or mucous membranes localized area of tissue necrosis increased pressure over bony areas restrict blood supply to the area Accessory Organs of the Skin 9. Match the key choices with the appropriate descriptions. Key: a. . c. arrector pili cutaneous receptors hair sebaceous glands arrector pili sweat gland-apocrine hair follicle sweat gland-apocrine sebaceous glands hair & nail cutaneous receptors sebaceous glands nail d. e. f. hair follicle nail sebaceous glands g. h. sweat gland—apocrine sweat gland—eccrine 1. produces an accumulation of oily material that is known as a blackhead 2. tiny muscles, attached to hair follicles, that pull the hair upright during fright or cold 3. perspiration glands with a role in temperature control 4. sheath formed of both epithelial and connective tissues . less numerous type of perspiration-producing gland; found mainly in the pubic and axillary regions 6. found everywhere on the body except the palms of hands and soles of feet 7. primarily dead/keratinized cells 8. specialized nerve endings that respond to temperature, touch, etc. 9. secretes a lubricant for hair and skin 10. â€Å"sports† a lunula and a cuticle Review Sheet 7 47 10. Describe two integumentary system mechanisms that help in regulating body temperature. sweat glands- perspiration helps to reduce heat from the skins surface.Arter ioles dilate the skin, then the capillary network of the dermis becomes engorged with the heated blood, then heat is allowed to radiate from the skin surface. 11. Several structures or skin regions are listed below. Identify each by matching its letter with the appropriate area on the figure. C a. adipose cells b. dermis c. epidermis d. hair follicle e. hair shaft f. sloughing stratum corneum cells F E B D A Plotting the Distribution of Sweat Glands 12. With what substance in the bond paper does the iodine painted on the skin react? starch 13.Based on class data, which skin area—the forearm or palm of hand—has more sweat glands? Palm Was this an expected result? ______ Explain. Which other body areas would, if tested, prove to have a high density of sweat glands? 14. What organ system controls the activity of the eccrine sweat glands? soles of the fee, forehead nervous system Dermography: Fingerprinting 15. Why can fingerprints be used to identify individuals? epiderma l ridges found on your fingers are unique and unchanging throughout your lifetime. 16. Name the three common fingerprint patterns. Arches 48 Review Sheet 7 , Loops , and Whorls Integumentary System